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Sunday, July 24
LOOK! UP IN THE SKY! IT'S A BIRD! IT'S A PLANE! NO, IT'S A PARTICULATE!
by
Linda Thieman
on Sun 24 Jul 2005 11:00 AM CDT
 LOOK! UP IN THE SKY! IT'S A BIRD! IT'S A PLANE! NO, IT'S A PARTICULATE!
by Molly Regan
Had a good cough lately and not sure what caused it? Well, there's a good chance it could be one of those pesky, airborne PARTICULATES. Just what is a particulate? Here are a few examples:
When
COAL is mined, transported or burnt, large pieces as well as
microscopic parts are bi-products. Other human activities cause
particulates to take to the sky.
These microscopic segments play havoc with our lungs.
 According to the NATIONAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL at www.nrdc.org,
"Particulate matter includes a wide range of pollutants - ROAD DUST,
DIESEL SOOT, FLY ASH, WOOD SMOKE, AND SULFATE AEROSOLS that are
suspended as particles in the air. These particles are A MIXTURE
OF VISIBLE AND MICROSCOPIC SOLID PARTICLES AND MINUTE LIQUID DROPLETS
KNOWN AS AEROSOLS.
"COMBUSTION
OF FOSSIL FUELS IS THE PRINCIPLE SOURCE OF FINE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS,
INCLUDING THE BURNING OF COAL, OIL, DIESEL FUEL, GASOLINE AND WOOD IN
TRANSPORTATION, POWER GENERATING AND SPACE HEATING.
"OLD
COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS, INDUSTRIAL BOILERS, DIESEL AND GAS-POWERED
VEHICLES, AND WOOD STOVES ARE THE WORST CULPRITS. HIGH TEMPERATURE
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS METAL SMELTING AND STEEL PRODUCTION, ARE
ALSO SIGNIFICANT SOURCES….
"People
cannot choose the air they breathe, BUT THEY CAN CHOOSE CLEANER AND
MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY SOURCES FOR HOME HEATING AND COOLING,
TRANSPORTATION AND APPLIANCES. Carpooling, recycling, maintaining
automobiles, and insulating homes can make a big difference.
PERHAPS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ACTION AN INDIVIDUAL CAN TAKE IS TO LIMIT
THE USE OF FIREPLACES AND WOOD BURNING STOVES…CITIZEN SUPPORT FOR CLEAN
AIR PROGRAMS CAN HELP COUNTER INDUSTRY PRESSURE TO WEAKEN THE CLEAN AIR
ACT…."
So look
into your heart and see what you can live without. If each and
every one of us is willing to change just one behavior this year, less
coughing may result. If we all use less electricity, if we don't fly on
vacation this time, if we shut all lights out when not in use and read
a book on solar power, these can all help out. OUR LEGACY TO ALL
CHILDEREN SHOULD BE A CLEAN, ILLNESS-FREE ENVIRONMENT.
On another note,
today while listening to RING OF FIRE on Progressive Radio 1270 AM here
in Scott County, there was a REAL news item about our national
parks. Seems in GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, the government workers
cannot mention that GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE aka GLOBAL WARMING is the
CULPRIT for the park's glacier deteriorating!!! They also have to
hand out literature on CREATIONISM (as opposed to EVOLUTION)….Once
again, your tax dollars hard at work.
www.ringoffireradio.com
is where you can go to view a wonderful site with BOBBY KENNEDY,
JR. He is an environmental lawyer who has up to the minute
information on pertinent issues that affect us all. Check out his
book "CRIMES AGAINST NATURE." Will speak about that sometime in
the future.
For now, be sure to administer CPR to our beloved earth: CONSERVE – PARTICIPATE - RECYCLE
Counterpoint Extra: Introducing the "Hyman Index"
by
Trish Nelson
on Sun 24 Jul 2005 04:00 AM CDT
Counterpoint Extra: Introducing the "Hyman Index"
The rational counter to "The Point," "The Counterpoint"
critiques and corrects the daily editorial by Sinclair Broadcasting's corporate
vice president, Mark Hyman, that is broadcast on all Sinclair-owned television
stations across the country.
by Ted Remington
In previous installments of “The Counterpoint,” we’ve seen
examples of how Mark Hyman often uses propaganda techniques to make his
arguments. Given the central role these tactics play in his rhetoric, I thought
it helpful to come up with a way of A) pointing out that nearly every edition
of “The Point” makes use of standard propaganda techniques, and B) comparing
individual “Point” commentaries to each other in terms of how much they rely on
propaganda techniques.
The result is what I’m calling the Hyman Index.
The basic formula is to count up the number of statements in
a given commentary that are examples of propaganda techniques (P) and divide
this number by the length of the commentary in words (W), not counting the
obligatory signoff (i.e., “And that’s The Point.”). The result is then
multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest one hundredth (P/W * 100).
This allows us to get a fairly objective read on how much of
the content of a given commentary is devoted to propagandistic appeals.
The major variable is what one counts as propaganda
techniques. There are any number of lists of emotional appeals and examples of
misleading or faulty logic that we could use. I think the best approach,
however, is to keep things simple. In my count, I’m using the list drawn up in
the 1930s by the Institute of Propaganda
Analysis. Their list of different types of
appeals is fairly short, and some might argue that the categories are overly
broad as a result. However, I think using an abbreviated list will make things
easier to understand and will allow us to more easily discriminate between
persuasive appeals and true propaganda (some lists of propaganda techniques are
so vast and detailed that almost any statement more subjective than a
mathematical equation would fall under one of the categories).
The IPA list is as follows:
Word Games
Name-calling
Glittering generalities
Euphemisms
False connections
Transfer
Testimonial
Special Appeals
Plain Folks
Bandwagon
Fear
Logical fallacies
Bad Logic or propaganda?
Unwarranted extrapolation
For our purposes, logical fallacies will include fairly
standard examples of bad logic, such as post hoc reasoning and “slippery slope”
arguments.
So let’s see the Hyman index in action! Here’s the text of a
“Point” commentary from a week ago that I didn’t comment on at the time because
it was taken off of the Newscentral website, then suddenly reappeared. I’ve
placed the names of propaganda appeals in brackets after the relevant statements.
I’ve tried to be as generous as I can with Hyman’s rhetoric; you might feel I’m
being a bit stingy in what I’m labeling propaganda. You might also not agree
with my particular label, given that the IPA categories are broad enough that
there is bound to be some overlap. However, I’ve tried to be as reasonable and
careful as I can in making my calls.
Earlier this month the Portland,
Maine School Committee adopted a policy
that advocates discrimination. [NAME CALLING]
The committee voted 6-3 to direct its lawyer to rewrite the
policy regarding the distribution of fliers to students. Their intention is to
ban Boy Scouts literature. The reason? The Boy Scouts do not allow openly
homosexual Scouts or leaders. The city of Portland has an ordinance banning discrimination based on sexual orientation.
You know those nasty old Boy Scouts. They've been the
scourge of American society for years. [PLAIN FOLKS]
So what's next? Banning evangelical Christian, Catholic and
Muslim students because of their religious views on sexual orientation? Will
servicemen and women family members be banned from attending school functions
because of the military's policies? [UNWARRANTED EXTRAPOLATION]
The city's website proudly displays a colorful boast that
"Portland [is] where diversity
works." But this is code meaning that only a narrow set of views are
accepted. [NAME CALLING] Fail to embrace them and you are banished forever.
[FEAR]
You don't have to agree with the Boy Scouts' policy on the
exclusion of openly homosexual Scouts and leaders to recognize theirs is but
one viewpoint. In other words diversity. [BANDWAGON]
The irony is that tailoring a policy to ban certain groups -
groups such as the Boy Scouts that have accomplished more good than most - is
just an officially sanctioned form of discrimination. [NAME CALLING]
You can share your views with the Portland School Committee
at (207) 874-8100 or at superintendent@portlandschools.org.
Dividing the number of propagandistic appeals Hyman uses (7)
by the number of total words in the commentary, multiplying by 100, and then
rounding to the hundredths place, we get a Hyman Index of 2.98. After doing a
number of test runs on other editions of the commentary, this seems to be about
average (the range being from about 1.5 to 4.5).
I’ll include a Hyman Index, whenever applicable, to future
Counterpoints and comment on them when they reveal something particularly interesting.
(Source)
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